Jain, A.; Dubey, A. K.; Gupta, M.; Yadav, S.; Panwar, A.; Atanga, R.; Lemos, B.; Mallik, S.

Prediction of stroke is a critical challenge in healthcare, where early intervention can significantly reduce risks and improve patient outcomes. Traditional methods often struggle with imbalanced datasets and low prediction accuracy. This paper proposes a novel approach to address these issues by combining PSO-optimized Stacked Ensemble ML Classifiers with SMOTEEN data balancing to predict strokes effectively. The technique optimizes 3 Baseline ML Classifiers(RF, SVM, XGB) using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Stacked Ensemble approach is applied that significantly improving prediction performance. The proposed methodology achieved an impressive 95.57% accuracy, outperforming conventional models such as SVM, LR, RF, KNN, XGB. Overall, the PSO-optimized stacked ensemble approach outperforms traditional machine learning techniques in stroke prediction, providing a more accurate and robust model for early detection and intervention.