Alink, A.; Becker, J.; Blank, H.

This electroencephalography (EEG) study elucidates how expectations shape visually evoked brain responses over time by revealing a biphasic temporal mechanism: an initial enhancement of encoding for expected image components, followed by a later prioritization of unexpected components. This temporal dissociation suggests that the brain first combines sensory input with prior expectations in a Bayesian manner before shifting to emphasize surprising information, supporting both efficient recognition and adaptive model updating.